Un estudio del Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina (CAF) afirma que en ciudades como Guayaquil, en Ecuador, la expansión urbana horizontaly las invasiones provocan problemas muy graves como la deforestación y que esto contribuye a exacerbar los impactos previstos del cambio climático como las inundaciones, escorrentía, riesgo de erosión y deslizamiento de tierras.
“El crecimiento formal e informal en Guayaquil es eminentemente horizontal con edificios bajos de pocos pisos cuya expansión se hace en detrimento del espacio que lo rodea, lo que encarecela urbanización y dificulta el acceso a vivienda de bajo costo para las poblaciones con menos recursos”, dice la investigación.
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Además, las parroquias Pascuales, Tarqui, Letamendi y Febres Cordero son especialmente sensibles a los estragos del cambio climático.The study indicates that in Easter there is an important deforestation rate (17 %) and that the percentage of territory under conservation is very small (4.2 %).Even Easter, excluding Monte Sinaí, is the parish with the largest number of sectors with precarious housing.
“This parish presents, in turn, important levels of flood risk (55 % of its surface is flood) and land sliding (50 % of the territory of the parish has a risk of landslide) and concentrates aimportant number of hot spots (435 in total) ”, indicates the study.
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An analysis of sectors such as Mount Sinai is added.It is indicated that this populous area shows "very high percentages of deforestation (87.81 %) due to logging for the installation of human settlements".
También resalta el sector de Chongón como la parroquia más extensa y heterogénea de Guayaquil.And that the indicators must be better analyzed, since for that area the growth of the city is going.In this sector the municipality promotes the construction of urbanizations.
This study, which is part of the Laif initiative on cities and climate change and funded by the European Union and implemented by CAF and the French Development Agency, also covered the cities of Portoviejo, Loja and Santa Cruz.
The investigation highlights that the vulnerability indices presented in Ecuador show that GHG emissions in Portoviejo, Manabía, have been a consequence of the important urban growth of the city and the demand for greater resources such as water, energy or combustibles.
Meanwhile, Santa Cruz's vulnerability index, Galapagos, shows that the city must achieve a balanced and multidimensional territorial management model due to the “socio-ecosystem” fragility that suffers.
The study of Loja, in the province of the same name, allowed to detect the sectors with the highest risk against climatic impacts, especially the northwestern and southern sectors, and identify the 14 main vulnerability challenges of the city.(YO)