Pablo Neruda came to fill the world with poetry on July 12, 1904, in Parral, Chile, when it was still for all Ricardo Eliécer Nephthalí Reyes Basoalto.On October 21, but from 1971, 50 years ago, the Nobel Prize for Literature received in Stockholm.
Gabriel García Márquez, who would be distinguished with the same award eleven years later, called him "the greatest poet of the twentieth century in any language".And he knew what he was talking about.
At 16, Pablo Neruda won his first unexpected prize at the Spring Festival in Temuco, where he had moved with his railway father (his mother never met her; he had died a month after giving birth).That same day a Czech magazine arrived in his hands and saw an article about a writer, Neruda, who had dedicated a monument in the Mal Strana neighborhood of Prague.And that's how easy he found his pseudonym.That distinction was the unforgettable, for being the first, but it was not the greatest.However, it motivated him to incessantly write five poems every day and the result of his tasks was reflected in Twilight (1923).
A year later, the creative fever had possessed it: a desperate song, twenty love poems, the twenty poems are the romance of Santiago, with the student streets, the university and the smell of Mother of the good love shared...
In 1926, he needed to take a breath to love and concentrate on the difficult destiny that awaited man in this world full of thorns.The formal change that chopped him as urticaria was reflected in his three new literary works, very opposed to the preceding: the inhabitant and his hope;Rings;Tentative of Infinite Man."Pale bonfires stirring to the edge of the nights run dead fumes invisible black fraguas sleeping behind the dark hills" wrote, thus without score and breathless, in 1926.
Dedicated to the diplomatic career was nothing more than an coupling of that same search.
On December 6, 1930, when Pablo Neruda was consul of Chile on the island of Java, he married a Dutch, María Antonieta Agenaar, Maruca."She was a high and soft woman, totally strange to the world of arts and letters," I would write about it in "I confess that I have lived".
His protocol profile took him to Madrid, where Neruda won the cultural aggregate position at the Chile.There he met Federico García Lorca, Gerardo Diego, Vicente Aleixandre, Salvador Dalí and the figures of the 27th generation.He founded the Green horse magazine for poetry, a publication of strong social dye.
In 1934, when the marriage lived in Madrid, the only daughter Pablo Neruda was born.He had hydrocephalus and called her Malva Marina, because Malva is the water flower that grows near the sea.
When the civil war broke out, the family fled to Montecarlo and, according to a book written by the Dutch Hagar Peeters, who later fled and abandoned wife and daughter, leaving them in misery, was the Chilean writer, the same one they considered "The father of Spanish Republican refugees ”.
It was the year 1936, and Neruda had met Argentina Delia del Carril, sister -in -law of the writer Ricardo Güiraldes, whom the poet called "the ant".
Malva Marina would have to die in 1943, when he was eight years old and lived in Gouda with his mother.Neruda had not seen her again.As I did not know how to let him know, the mother, left him a letter in the Consulate of Chile in The Hague, but Neruda never replied.
It is hard to believe it coming from the great troubadour of the Castilian language, which according to that Nordic volume called his daughter "three kilos vampire" and described her as "a perfectly ridiculous being", "a kind of point and coma" as thepoet chose to erase forever from the manuscript of his own life.
Pablo Neruda in Chile
Already in his homeland, in 1938, the poet arrived on horseback to a hamlet of two thousand inhabitants, 113 kilometers from the Chilean capital.To pay with future copyright, he bought a small stone house next to the sea, in a region called Las Gaviotas, and that Nerud.When they were not in Santiago, Chile, at their home on Lynch Avenue, Neruda spent some seasons on this desolate beach next to the ant.Proclaiming Captain of Isla Negra, designed without architects his own ship on the earth and there he ran into this house with bow and stern, narrow, with wooden floors that creak like a keel, low roofs and semi -semicurvated openings of ship.He decorated it with bow masks, ropes and navigation instruments that he was bringing from all seas in the world and today is an iconic destination, administered by the Pablo Neruda Foundation.
"I am an amateur of the sea, and for years I collect knowledge that does not help me much because I sail on the earth," I would explain in dispersed oceanography.
In 1945pablo Neruda received, in Chile, the National Prize for Literature and joined the Communist Party of Chile.In the style of Émile Zola in J’acuse, in the Senate of Chile he read his own allegation, I accuse, against persecution of trade unionists in his country.
In 1948 the order of his arrest was fought and the poet had to flee from Chile disguised, crossing the Andes to horse back, for his public enmity with President Gabriel González Videla.
After two years of political exile, in 1950 he left Delia del Carril somewhere and left Mexico, with Matilde Urrutia and, although he still linked him to his second Argentine wife, they went together to Capri and swore eternal loveIn the moonlight, on May 2, 1952.The couple took refuge in Sant’Angelo, a placid fishing village where the poet finished writing the captain's verses.
“There are exiles that bite and others are like the fire that consumes.There are dead homeland pains that go from below, from feet and roots, ”.
The in love readers continued waiting for their verses full of love, but their commitment to the greatness of the past and contemporary injustices twisted their pen towards other aspects: society suffocated it.
A greater challenge that poetry was the prose that then reached, in 1950, with general song, “My most fervent and vast book, the coronation of my ambitious attempt.It is extensive as a good fragment of time and in it there is shadow and light at the same time, because I intended to cover the main space in which they move, create, work and perish the lives and peoples, ”Pablo Neruda himself would rememberIn front of an auditorium in the National Library of Santiago de Chile, on August 7, 1964, when he opened a study seminar of his works.
“The poet must partially be the chronicler of his time.The chronicle should not be fifteenth, neither refined, or grower.It must be stony, dusty, rainy and daily.It must have the miserable footprint of the useless days and the executions and regrets of man, ”Neruda continued in the National Library.
Neruda felt comfortable in poetry, but only if he sounded to complaint.General song stopped on the political and social reality of the Americans.The nostalgia of America weighed and Machu Picchu, the Mapocho and Valparaíso river retained it in the Latin American warp, in complete contrast to the dark, Iberian and Castorous verses of the 30s, which had reflected in its three editions of residence on Earth: "It is me before your wave of smells dying (...) I am with my regrets without origin, without food, unveiled, alone", as I had described in 1935.
General song arrived in Chile, but was edited clandestinely due to the dictatorship of Gabriel González Videla.
In 1953 he was distinguished with the Lenin de la Paz Prize and, in 1966, with the order of the Sun of Peru.
In 1970, the Communist Party of Chile chooses it as a candidate for the presidency, but the writer preferred to step to the side and favor Salvador Allende, his friend.
In 1971, the Swedish Academy chose it as the figure indicated to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature.It was the third Latin American writer to receive that distinction.Meanwhile, Pablo Neruda continued his political and ideological activity.
On September 11, 1973, the coup d'etat the President Salvador Allende, who later lost his life violently, for an alleged suicide.Pablo Neruda's house in Santiago de Chile was looted and his burning books.
Already ill of prostate cancer, his health registered a new low blow and on September 19 he was transferred from Isla Negra to the Santa María Clinic in Santiago de Chile.There he died twelve days later, on September 23, 1973, at age 69.
After 17 years of military government in which Neruda's poetry was little spread, many Chileans began to rediscover Isla Negra in the 90s.
Neruda's poetry then became fashionable, much more after the movie the mailman (1994) that brought to the cinema an Italian production with Philippe Noiret and the octopia Maria Grazia Cucinotta.The film by the English director Michael Radford was based on burning patience, a novel by another compatriot of Neruda, Antonio Skármeta, who had already directed it, with the same title, in 1983.
The protagonist of the Italian version, Massimo Troisi, died of a heart attack when he finished filming and the Hollywood Academy nominated him posthumously to Oscar for Best Actor, along with 4 other nominations.Only the coveted statuette Luis Bacalov, creator of "The best soundtrack" won the coveted statuette,.
The best verses of love
"I have not gone out of you when I get away" (the letter on the road)
“Before loving you, love, nothing was mine: I hesitated the streets and things: nothing had or had name: the world was from the air I expected.”(XXV, one hundred love sonnets).
"Love is so short and forgotten" (XX)
"Because on nights like this I had her in my arms, my soul is not happy to have lost it" (XX)
"Women's body, white hills, white thighs, you look like the world in your surrender attitude" (woman's body)
"No one looks like I love you" (you play every day)
"For my heart your chest is enough, for your freedom my wings are enough" (XII)
"Inclined in the afternoons I shoot my sad nets into your oceanic eyes" (VII)
The writing of Pablo Nerudstop spring ”).
However, at a distance, the contradictions of his life are also spilled by their pages.There are those who have not overlooked the machismo of some verses that could, without shocks, integrate the film book of "50 shades of Gray", for their sadomasochism ("how much you would have hurt to get used to me, my soul alone and wild,In my name that everyone scares away, ”you play every day);Or because of her woman's rewrite ("Oh flesh, my flesh, a woman who loved and lost, to you in this wet hour, evo and sing", the desperate song);Or because of its cruelty ("My ugly, you are a disheveled chestnut (...) my ugly, from your mouth you can make two (...) my ugly, where your breasts are hidden", XX, one hundred sonnets of love);or for its love authoritarianism ("I like you when you shut up because you are as absent, and you hear me from afar, and my voice does not touch you");her egolatry ("she loved me, sometimes I loved her too");or in summary, for the solipsism without remedy of it (“you have that unattended avidity seal of me.Since I look at you your eyes are sadder ”, fill yourself with me).
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