At the beginning to reread the Frankenstein of Mary Shelley, her contemporary, Jane Austen, a romantic novel writer and daughter of a Protestant and wealthy shepherd who grew up in a rural upper class society came to mind.I am surprised that in the same historical moment two authors appeared, and I underline the female, so heterogeneous and relevant!Because they raised in very different environments.Nothing has to do with the rigidity of Austen's education with the released form of Mary Shelley's family.Jane Austen wrote about a dream life and crumbled critically and subtle to her surroundings.Our protagonist, on the contrary, purged her demons through literature, becoming the first science fiction writer.By the way, the term "science fiction" was born in 1926 by the hand of the writer Hugo Gernsback, who used it on the cover of what would be one of the most famous magazines of the genre: Amazing Stories.
En cualquier caso, ambas eran letraheridas."Cuánto sufrió su madre por morir y dejarla es algo que nunca se sabrá, aunque lo podemos imaginar, pero sí conocemos cuánta de esa pena quedaría reflejada en su hija a la vista de los acontecimientos posteriores"London, winter of 1797. Mary Shelley was born on a cold and stormy night in one of the two townhouses of her parents located in the area known as the polygon, where her mother, the famous novelist and precursor poet of feminism Mary Wollstonecraft, contemplatedHis little girl, surprised by how such a perfect being arose between viscera, blood and suffering.Mary Wollstonecraft could not imagine that the newborn of her would become the parent of the most terrifying creature of all time.In those moments of happiness, nothing presaged the tragic moments that one of the most influential families in the city would live.
His father, William Godwin, was a great politician and writer of the time, transgressor in his beliefs about anarchism, and whose main fixation was to promote social change, in addition to being controversial in his ideas about marriage, which describes as “aRepressive monopoly ”, at one time - let's not forget - where puritanism was valued.The vices, of any kind, were accepted in silence.
This open mentality made him tolerate, despite the criticisms of the closed British society of the time, to the three -year -old daughter, Fanny Imlay, who had Mary Wollstonecraft, the great love of his life, of an anterior extramarital relationship.
"El tándem Godwin-Wollstonecraft fue la primera gran pareja liberal, admirados y censurados por su libertinaje, donde ambas figuras eran visibles por separado"But let's return to Mary Shelley and the fleeting relationship she had with her mother, because she would live only two weeks since her birth.In her painful insomnia she told her girl's little girlshe.Would Mary Wollstonecraft know then that she had little life?Surely, the fever that tormented her every day, and that made her head about to explode, had her well informed of the inevitable outcome of her.How much her mother suffered for dying and leaving her is something that will never be known, although we can imagine it, but we do know how much of that penalty would be reflected in her daughter, in view of later events.
William Godwin, destroyed at the death of his beloved, plunged into a deep sadness and treasured in his library everything written and published by his wife, dedicating himself to his writings and out of the political framework.
But let's make a small subsection to contextualize the Tandem Godwin-Wollstonecraft, the first great liberal couple, admired and censored for their debauchery, where both figures were visible separately.We must not forget that in British society a woman lost her identity when she married, being represented by her husband.
The Fanny and Mary sisters grew distanced from their father figure and treated by a tutor and a governess that would make them educated women and full of knowledge, although full of affective deficiencies.
"El ambiente insostenible en la casa familiar por las continuas peleas, la pasividad de su padre y su aparente desidia ante las rencillas, llevaron a Mary a distanciarse de él"
Mary frequently visited her mother's tomb.It was there, in the cemetery where the remains of her parent rested, the place where she learned to read.She little by little she went into more complex texts.She was dedicated to reading every book that fell into her hands, among them some of her mother, which she stole from her paternal library.Apparently, she was a dreamy and sad girl who developed as a woman and writer in the shadow of her mother, who according to her own words "wanted to be the first of a new genre."
A few years after his death, William Godwin would marry Mary Jane Clairmont.She and her daughter Claire settled in the family home.Our protagonist detest the new wife of her father, and she blamed her for having separated him from him.Mary Jane Clairmont, exercising from stepmother, mistreated the two Godwin with the idea of reinforcing the position she knew at the disadvantage of her daughter.The unsustainable atmosphere in the family home for the continuous fights, the passivity of her father and the apparent laziness of him before the quarrels, led Mary to distance themselves from him.
His interest would then focus (1814) on a young man from the group of scholars that surrounded his parent, and who considered an intellectual father to William Godwin.The 21 -year -old, rich, intelligent and handsome Percy Bysshe Shelley, who even got to pay part of William's debts, would steal Mary's heart, 16, who entered - without knowing - in a love triangle when he was alreadymarried and about to be a father.At that time their meetings began in the cemetery.Soon, Mary was also pregnant.
"Mary sufriría ese año un duro golpe por la muerte de su hija, nacida prematura, que la sumiría en una profunda depresión"They escaped as a solution.Percy tried that his wife, Harriet, joined them, but she refused to participate in the escape.Finally, they started the trip to France taking with them the teenage sister of Mary, Claire, and the three traveled through Europe until they reached the Swiss city of Lucena.But just over two months later, they returned to London due to their important economic problems.On his return they found a strong rejection, even by William Godwin, despite their free postulates.A few months later, Harriet would commit suicide.
The couple overcame criticism and lived their free love for a year by subsisting thanks to the family income of Percy Byssshe Shelley.But Mary would suffer that year a hard blow for her daughter's death, born premature, which would plunge her into a deep depression.
Our protagonist and his beloved were invited by the poet Lord Byron, who had started an adventure with Claire, to the elegant Villa Diodati in May 1816. Percy thought that Mary's health, who had improved with the birth of her son William inJanuary of that same year, would culminate with a total recovery thanks to the sunny climate.However, that summer would be considered "the year without summer", in which strong temporal ravaged the region throughout the season, so the days passed without leaving the mansion, next to the fire.The group entertained reading ghost stories, very taste of the time.
"Se pondría a escribir la obra que la llevaría a la fama a través de los siglos. Y en donde abordó desde el sentimiento de pérdida de su hija y su madre, hasta contar, de forma sutil, el amor libre"In one of the worst storm nights it was in which Byron it would occur to each one wrote a horror story.Mary, who at first did not think of interest, began to suffer a growing anxiety after listening to a conversation of Byron and Percy talking about how to return life to the dead, and if this could be done artificially.Soon, when she went to sleep, she had a vision that she defined as "a sinister terror": "I saw the pale student of the scrubal arts kneeling together with the thing she had created.I saw the frightful ghost of a man lying, and then, by the work of some powerful mechanism, he showed signs of life and stirred with a restless and unnatural movement.Frightening like him was him;because extremely frightful would be any human effort to make fun of the great mechanism of the creator of the world. ”
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Immediately, he would write the work that would lead her to fame through the centuries.And where he approached from the feeling of loss of his daughter and mother, to count, subtle, free love, masked by a golden fraternal friendship like the one between its protagonist, Victor Frankenstein, and Henry Clearvall, andeven with the narrator.She also reflected on the frustration and suffering of being abandoned, repudiated by whom she loves most, thus transforming into a horrendous and unknown person who embraces evil to compensate for her suffering and the need to love and be loved.
"En ese otoño de 1816, Mary y Percy se casaron para contentar a sus familias. Se mudaron a Italia en 1818 debido a la presión de la sociedad, que acabó doblegando sus ideales"What happened in the Villa Diodati the "year without summer" is something that we can only elucidate, but the truth is that in that idyllic place the monster par excellence was gesture that has terrified for centuries to entire generations.Its author, Mary Shelley, proved to be ahead of her time as the first female science fiction writer, not only with her Frankenstein, but also with another of her best known works, the last man, a futuristic novel that we will talk about a bitlater.
In that fall of 1816, Mary and Percy married their families.They moved to Italy in 1818 due to the pressure of society, which ended up beating their ideals.Marriage was a bittersweet experience, but allowed them to reconciliation with Willian Godwin.
Mary always had the feeling of being persecuted for death.The suicide of her older sister in 1816, not entirely unexpected because Fanny was always a melancholic and sickly girl - not to do with Mary's stormy character - confirmed to her the dark and constant company of her.
"Un tiempo después, en 1822, Mary sufrió un aborto que casi acabó con su vida. Ese mismo año, su marido apareció ahogado tras desaparecer junto con un amigo en una excursión en un velero"These events were followed by a series of unfortunate misfortunes that would mark the course of Mary Shelley's life forever.In 1818, while traveling through Italy, her son William became ill and died.We found an unknown Mary Shelley, unable to write a word, a situation that would aggravate when she lost her life's daughter's daughter a year later.
The couple lived very hard circumstances.Mary was dejected, empty of creativity and illusion for the death of her children, the situation seasoned by the poor health of Percy and the harassment of the creditors.However, Percy Bysshe Shelley would approach the conception of his best poems in these difficult circumstances.
Some time later, in 1822, Mary suffered an abortion that almost ended her life.That same year, her husband appeared drowned after disappearing with a friend on an excursion on a sailboat.
"Nuestra protagonista se dedicó también a traducir y editar obras de otros autores, entre ellos Lord Byron y Percy Bysshe Shelley"All these unfortunate events plunged her into a deep depression that she never recovered.She decided to leave Italy, approximately four years after the beginning of her trip, where she had lost two of her children and her husband, and she returned to England with Percy Florence Shelley, her little sonof her, who would reach old age.
From that moment on his life, he dedicated himself to the education of his son and writing exclusively, a half with which he earned a living precariously, because he barely subsisted by also helping his father with his debts.
During those years he had a neat literary production, among others his historical novels Valperga (1823) and Perkin Warbeck (1830), the apocalyptic novel The last man (1826), and his last two works, Lodore (1835) and Falkner (1837).Our protagonist also dedicated himself to translating and editing works by other authors, including Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley.
His biographical articles included in the work of Dionysius Lardner Cabinet Cyclopaedia, support the fact that Mary Shelley was a radical policy throughout his life.In her works, she often argues that cooperation and compassion, particularly those practiced by women in their families, are the ways of reforming civil society.
"Su otra obra digna de ser mencionada es El último hombre, una historia apocalíptica y, como hemos descubierto recientemente, casi profética"She was a known and fruitful writer during her life, but only one of her books would remain in memory: the modern Prometheus or Frankenstein (better known in our time).The novel has known numerous adaptations in cinema, theater and even comic.It is hard to imagine that the author of her was a young and sweet girl capable of imagining and developing the most atrocious crimes in a perverse mind, who tries to justify her acts for the situation of abandonment and heartbreak of her.Her father would tell him about this work: “Frankenstein is the most wonderful work written in twenty years.And, more fortunately for you, you have followed a reading course and cultivated your mind in such an admirable way that it has made you a great and successful author.If you can't be independent, who can be?
His other work worthy of being mentioned is the last man, an apocalyptic story and, as we have recently discovered, almost prophetic, who saw the light in London on January 23, 1826, edited by Henry Colburn.It is a dystopian novel that tells the story of a futuristic world razed by a plague.She stands out for her travel descriptions, with a co -star who could identify as her husband Percy.It follows from the course of the novel how Mary felt in the world, empty and abandoned due to the absence of most of her loved ones, already deceased from her.The last man was criticized harshly in his time and remained almost in anonymity until the sixties of the twentieth century, when he was editorially rescued.
The death of his father in 1844 lightened his economic burden, leaving him a modest inheritance.
On February 1, 1851, death would reach her, who had always persecuted her closely.The cause of it was a brain tumor.Thus ended a life full of suffering, but also of faithfulness to a lifestyle in which he firmly believed, and that made Mary Shelley one of the most famous authors of universal literature, with a creation that crossed the limits of timeand that is still a work of worship.
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