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SuscríbeteFernando González Laxe EX PRESIDENTE DE LA XUNTA DE GALICIA
OPINION
IVAN ALVARADO | Reuters17 ago 2021 . Actualizado a las 05:00 h.WhatsappMailFacebookTwitterComentar ·Unemployment impacts are determined by the fall in aggregate demand and technological changes.The obvious mismatches produced make certain countries and certain groups that are most accusing these repercussions.In this way, it is observed that the data referred to the level of youth unemployment (approximately 40 % in Spain), long -term unemployment and the increase in temporality levels of occupations are terribly corrosive.Long -term unemployment is related to the lack of formation of certain occupations and the lack of perspectives of affected sectors and occupations.Temporality levels are linked to the quality and survival of activities that seek more marginal gain than a commitment to productivity and sustainability.
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In any case, unemployment problems force and agree on a new labor relationship framework.It is about acting both about demand and supply;as well as for the connection between the two in the different segments of the labor market.It is recommended to avoid, therefore, passivity;That is, "wait to see if things are resolved by themselves".
In my opinion, we are traveling from a work (ST) to one of the works (SDT).What does it mean?That different work segments appear with notable distinctions according to the ages, sectors, types of companies, temporality in hiring ... to the extent that the work is polarized and has greater volatility, several modalities of hiring begin to take body, different forms ofwork and multitude of fragile and liquid works;In sum, a greater superficiality of social relations, a growing uncertainty and a more intense exposure to crises.
The technical advances and the emergence of artificial intelligence give rise to formalize a new reign: that of technological unemployment, as a friendly friend would say.Before, employment, technological progress and productivity were compatible.Now, the replacement of workers with machines, and machines with algorithms, is leading us to the techno-paradise of a society with different works;and that points to the appearance of various urban subclasses, closely linked to restlessness and lower income levels, as we are seeing.
Not only do we contemplate more informal, precarious or atypical forms of employment, as the ILO states;but the phenomenon of growing automation will affect the number of jobs, quality and capacity for people.These effects, together with demographic evolution, will change the levels of labor participation and activity rates.The latest published works on the subject underline that, between 2020 and 2030, it will be necessary to create more than 300 million new jobs in the world to accommodate an increase of 8.9 % of the population of working age.
On the other hand, automation, which includes the use of industrial robots, basic applications in artificial intelligence, ICT, will increase.The calculations record that the number of industrial robots went from 400.000 units in 1990 to 2.1 million in 2017;showing an annual growth rate throughout the 2013-2017 period, well above the rhythm of economic growth and population growth.The loss of employment as a result of the application of robots is specified at 39 million, which will be compensated with new demands.
We must seek a new conception of sustainable development that defines a re-adjustment of productive tissue and that contributes to combining physical, human and technological capital.In sum, avoid waste expenses and enhance actions based on people's motivations.
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